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ranscrip tome dynamics of flowers with different sex types. In the present study, we systematically compared transcriptome dynamics between flowers of two isogenic lines, a gynoe cious plant and a hermaphroditic plant, using a digital expression profiling approach. Digital expression profiling, also called tag sampling or RNA seq, has been proved to be a powerful AZD2858 and efficient approach for gene expression analysis at the genome level and offers several advantages over microarray tech nologies, Due to the rapid advances in next generation sequencing technologies, the digital expression profiling approach becomes more and more widely T0901317  used.

GANT61 It has been reported that with EST collec tions as small as 1,000 reads, quantitative expression data for numerous moderately and highly expressed genes can be generated, SAGE, which is also a tag count based Digestion gene expression analysis technology and has been widely used for transcriptome profiling study, usually col lects 50,000 to 100,000 short tags for each sample, In the present study, we collected more than 160,000 tags for each of the two samples, providing sufficient coverage to identify the majority of genes of interest. Our digital expression profiling analysis GANT61 identified a total of 214 differentially expressed genes, among which 90 showed higher expression in gynoecious flowers and 124 showed higher expression in hermaphroditic flowers, Few transcription factors other than a maize DELLA protein D8 and a melon zinc finger protein CmWIP1 have been functionally associated with the plant sex determination process.

In this study we identified five transcription factors showing significantly higher expression in gynoecious flowers and six showing significantly higher expression AZD2858 in hermaphroditic flowers, Recently a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor in melon, CmWIP1, has been cloned and expression of CmWIP1 leads to carpel abortion, resulting in the devel opment of unisexual male flowers, In the present study, two zinc finger transcription factors were found GANT61 to have higher expression in her maphroditic flowers. They belong to different zinc finger transcription factor families from that of CmWIP1, as CU23681 belonging to the C2C2 GATA family and CU13995 to the VOZ family. It has been reported that auxin can induce pistillate flower formation through its stimulation of ethylene pro duction, An Aux IAA transcription factor was found to have higher expression in her maphroditic flowers.

Aux IAA genes are early auxin responsive genes and their proteins function as active repressors of secondary auxin responsive genes, Lower expression of the Aux IAA gene in gynoecious flowers could result in higher expression of secondary auxin responsive genes thus induce femaleness. Consis tent with AZD2858 this, an auxin induced protein showed higher expression in gynoecious flowers in the present study. Brassinosteroids can induce femaleness in cucumber and this induction could be mediated, at least in part, by brassinosteroid induced production of ethyl ene, In the present study, a gene belong ing to the BZR1 BES1 family showed higher expression in hermaphroditic flowers.

BZR1 BES1 family proteins rep resent a novel class of plant transcription factors and are key components of the BR signaling pathway, In Ara bidopsis, BZR1 serves as a positive regulator of the BR signaling pathway, with a role in feedback regulation of BR biosynthesis, Its worth noting that two additional GANT61 genes involved in BR signaling also showed higher expression in hermaphroditic flowers. One is BRI1, a receptor of BRs, The other encodes a BRI1 associated receptor kinase. In Arabidop sis, the gene has been reported to interact with BRI1 and modulate BR signaling, In Drosophila, a MYC transcription factor, daughterless, provides an essential maternal component in the control of sex determination, However, the role of MYC transcription factors in plant sex determination has not been documented. We found that a MYC transcrip tion factor showed