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aborators, This spotted microarray consists of 6,516 65 mer and 70 mer oligonucleotides representative of the genes identified from the genomes GSK525762A of R. solan acearum GMI1000, IPO1609 and Molk2, Each gene was represented by a sin gle oligonucleotide except for 115 effector genes, which were represented by two to six oligonucleotides to GSK525762A distin guish allelic forms of a given gene. A limited number of oligonucleotides representative of particular intergenic regions were also included on the microarray. This microarray also includes a set of appropriate negative controls. Each oligonucleotide was spotted twice on the microarray. DNA extraction and labelling, and microar ray hybridization were performed as described by Guidot et al, Standard control DNA used for all genome hybridization experiments consisted of an equimolar combination of the genomic DNA from the three sequenced strains GMI1000, IPO1609 and Molk2.
Analy sis was conducted as previously described using ImaGene and GeneShight softwares, A gene was considered as absent from the tested strain when the base 2 logarithm of the ratio of the normalized hybridiza tion signal of the tested strain over the normalized hybridization signal with the 4μ8C control DNA was lower than the cutoff value of 1, Cucumber is an economically and nutritionally important vegetable crop cultivated world wide and belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family which includes several other important vegetable crops such as melon, watermelon, squash and pumpkin. Cucumber has considerable impact on human nutrition and is among 35 fruits, vegetables, and herbs identified by the National Cancer Institute as having cancer protective properties.
Cucumber and melon have long served as the primary model systems for sex determination studies due to their diverse floral sex types, Sex determination in flower ing plants is a fundamental Ribonucleotide developmental process of great economical importance. Sex determination occurs by the selective arrest of either the male stamen UNC2250 or female carpel during development, Sex expression in cucurbit species can be regulated by plant hormones and environ mental factors, Ethylene is highly correlated with the femaleness and has been regarded as the primary sex determination factor, GSK525762A Early genetics studies indi cated that there are three major sex determining genes in cucumber and melon.
F, A, and M, Recently, the UNC2250 A gene in melon and the M gene in cucumber have been cloned and both encode 1 aminocyclopropane 1 carbox ylic acid synthase, which is a key enzyme in ethyl ene biosynthesis, In cucumber, a series of evidences strongly support that the F gene also encodes an ACS, Despite such advances, the molecular mechanisms of sex expression in cucurbit species still remain largely unknown. Cucumber is a diploid species with seven pairs of chro mosomes, The cucumber genome is relatively small, with an estimated size of 367 Mb, which is similar to rice, and approximately three times the size of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, Despite its economical and nutritional importance and the relatively small genome size, cur rently available genomic and genetic tools for cucumber are very limited.
These combined with the fact that GSK525762A the genetic diversity of cucumber is very narrow are major factors limiting cucumber breeding. For UNC2250 the past 10 years, the average yields of both fresh and processing cucum bers have remained virtually unchanged in the United States, Therefore, in order to develop improved crops, it is necessary to develop new resources that can be used to identify novel molecular markers that are linked to the trait of interest. Recently the whole genome sequencing of the domestic cucumber, C. sativus var. sativus L, has been completed using a hybrid approach by combining traditional Sanger and next generation Illumina GA sequencing technolo gies, The completion of cucumber whole genome sequencing provides tremendous opportunities for evolu tionary and comparative genomics analysis and facilitates th